Materials used to produce tyres
Rubber as the foundation of a tyre
Not all types of rubber are the same. Different rubber types have different properties. Rubber forms the basis of a tyre and largely determines elasticity, grip and rolling resistance.
That is why tyres use a combination of natural rubber and synthetic rubber, with a small percentage of butyl rubber added. In total, up to thirty different rubber mixtures are used, known as compounds.
In practice, tyres mainly rely on natural and synthetic rubber, each with its own characteristics and applications.
Conclusion: rubber compounds form the core of tyre performance, balancing grip, flexibility and durability.
Key differences between natural and synthetic rubber
| Natural rubber | Synthetic rubber |
|---|---|
| Highly elastic | Less elastic |
| Not fully airtight | Better airtightness |
| Low heat build-up and rolling resistance | Better heat resistance |
| Performs less well at high temperatures | Performs less well at low temperatures |
Due to these properties, winter tyres contain relatively more natural rubber, as it remains flexible at low temperatures.
Summer tyres more often use synthetic rubber because of its better resistance to heat.
Conclusion: the balance between natural and synthetic rubber depends on temperature and application.
Other materials in a tyre
In addition to rubber, a tyre contains several additional materials that provide strength, protection and durability.
A significant part of the tyre — approximately one quarter — consists of fillers, such as carbon black and silica. These materials strengthen and stiffen the rubber compound.
- Silica improves grip on wet surfaces
- Carbon black enhances wear resistance and overall strength
Oil-based plasticisers (safe oils) are used to adjust the hardness and flexibility of the tyre.
Antidegradants are chemical additives that protect the tyre against degradation caused by sunlight, oxygen and ozone.
Rubber is vulcanised with sulphur, making the compound stronger and more elastic.
Steel wire ensures a strong and airtight connection between the tyre and the rim.
Textile and synthetic materials such as polyester, rayon, glass fibre and nylon are used to reinforce the tyre. These materials form the carcass, which provides structural stability and load-bearing capacity.
Conclusion: a combination of fillers, reinforcements and additives ensures durability, strength and performance.
Materials and tyre construction
The selected materials and their composition determine the overall characteristics of a tyre, such as comfort, lifespan and grip.
The combination of rubber compounds, carcass materials and fillers varies depending on the tyre type and its intended application.
For more technical insight, see our article on:
Difference between radial and bias tyres
Conclusion: tyre performance is defined by the interaction between materials and construction.
FAQ
What is a dual wheel system?
A system where two tyres are mounted side by side on one axle to increase load capacity and reduce ground pressure.
When should I use dual wheels?
When working under heavy loads or on soft ground where additional traction and stability are required.
What is the advantage of a quick-release system?
It allows fast switching between single and dual configurations without complex tools.
Which system is best for heavy-duty use?
The star system or cylinder coupling system, depending on the level of load and intensity of use.